Silk fibroin fiber is a natural protein fiber. It is moisturizing, breathable, soft and skin-friendly. However, unmodified silk fibroin fiber is easy to be oxidized and faded. In this paper, the recent progress in modification of silk fibroin fiber is introduced, including the composite modification, feeding modification, genetic engineering modification, spinning technology and regulating the physiological environment modification. Simultaneously, the future development trend for the modification of silk fibroin fiber is also prospected.
the National High-tech R&D Program(863,Program)
and Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy and Information.
This work was supported by the National High-tech R&D Program (863 Program) (Grant No. 2015AA033905), and Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy and Information.
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Figure 1
Structure of silk fibroin fiber
Figure 2
(Color online)
Figure 3
(Color online) Modification of silk fibroin fiber with graphene & silver nanoparticle
Figure 4
(Color online)
Figure 5
(Color online) (a)
Figure 6
Electron microscopy of modified silk fibroin fiber with different Hap contents
Nanomaterial | Approach | Functions | Advantages and disadvantages | |
Metal nanoparticle | Au, Ag | Antibacterial | Excellent antimicrobial effect, but utilization of precious metals leads to high costs | |
Metal compoundsnanoparticles | AgCl, Cu2O,CeO2, ZnO | Antibacterial | Diversification of functions by using different substances, but there is no formation of covalent bond on the surface of composite fibers so that stability of composite fiber’s function might be poor | |
HBP-TiO2, TiO2 | Impregnation, ALD | Ultraviolet resistance and mechanical improvement | ||
SiO2 | Dip-coating | Increased color strength | ||
Fe3O4 | Swelling-fixing | Magnetic | ||
CdTe, UCNP | Assembly technology | Fluorescent | ||
Carbon nanomaterial | GO, EG, NG,CNT, CNF | Coating process | Conductive | Nanomaterials tend to self-accumulate |
Organic small molecule | AAc, VPA,VSA | Immersion | Improved cell adhesion | The formation of covalent bonds improves the stability of composite fibers, but organic molecules are required to have groups that are able to react with silk fibroin molecules some of process are complex, and potential toxicity of some small organic molecules should be considered |
Curcumin | Dyeing process | Antibacterial | ||
Tributylsilylmethacrylate | RAFT-mediated polymerization | Surface free energy reduction | ||
Sodium alginate | Thermally-induced phase-separation | Biocompatible | ||
TPF, Styrene-anthracene derivative | Molecular recognition and interaction | Fluorescence | ||
Organic macromolecule | Oxidized cotton | Graft reaction | Enhanced properties of mechanicsand water absorption | |
Aramid fiber | Hydrothermal treatments | Improved mechanic properties | ||
Bovine lactoferrin | Graft reaction | Antibacterial | ||
Polyaniline | Conductive | |||
PEI | LBL | Ions adsorption | ||
Chitin | Self-assembled | Highly elastic | ||
PAH, PAA | LBL | Biocompatible |
Feeding substance | Functions | Advantages and disadvantages | |
Dye | Brilliant yellow, Congo red, acid orange G, acid orange II, mordant black 17, direct acid fast red and Sudan III | Dyed silk | Green, environmentally friendly. The disadvantage is limitationsof the physiological metabolicactivities of silkworms |
Rhodamine B | Obtained luminescent silk fibroin fiber | ||
Nanoparticle | SWCNT and graphene | Improvement of elongation at break and toughness of silk fibroin fiber | |
Tio2 nanoparticles | Improvement of breaking strength and elongation at break | ||
Fe3O4 nanoparticles | Magnetic properties, excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties | ||
Ion precursors of Ca2+ and PO43– | Superior mechanical properties | ||
Nanoparticles (Cu, Fe, and tio2) | Improvement of the tensile strength of silk fibroin fiber | ||
Natural polymer | Down-powder | Increased the tensile strength | |
Royal jelly | Increased weight of larvae, cocoons and pupae | ||
Amino acid | Threonine or proline | Improvement of mechanical strength |
Additive substances | Functions | Advantages and disadvantages | |
Electrospinning | Ag, Se | Antibacterial | Nanofibers could be prepared, and it hasuniform distribution, high aspect ratioand high controllability, but the outputof electrospinning may be a problem |
Laminin, collagen, poly( | Biocompatible | ||
Excellent mechanical properties | |||
Wet spinning or dryspinning | CaCl2-formic acid | High strength and ductility | It is simple and effective to prepare fiberwhich of diameter larger than that preparedby electro-spinning, but the use of toxic and harmful solvents may unfriendly to theenvironment |
Graphene oxide or CTN | Excellent mechanical properties | ||
Biocompatible and degradableimproved |
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