SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences, Volume 59, Issue 12: 122303(2016) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-015-5493-5

## Generalized spatial representation for digital modulation and its potential application

Hao HUAN1,2,*,
• AcceptedOct 20, 2015
• PublishedJun 12, 2016
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### Abstract

Constellation mapping has provided a great convenience to measure the performance of digital signal modulation in Euclid space. However, traditional in-phase and quadrature (IQ) plane is difficult to express the frequency modulation scheme such as minimum shift keying (MSK) and the time domain modulation such as cyclic code shift keying (CCSK). How to represent the digital signal modulation visually through constellation mapping is an attractive problem. To address this issue, in this paper, the combined frequency and phase modulation are utilized to define a new kind of constellation mapping, where the phase and frequency are quantized to the same elements. The uniform geometric construction for combined phase and frequency modulation is redefined in the 3D cylindrical coordinate system based on frequency ($\bm{f}$), in-phase component ($\bm{I}$) and quadrature component ($\bm{Q}$). In the new coordinates, the quadrature frequency-phase shift keying (QFPSK) is produced by the QPSK with dimensional rotation matrix and denoted by the reduced dual quaternion. Furthermore, the spatial extension from QFPSK to chirp cyclic shift keying (Chirp CSK) is analyzed with bandwidth efficiency and energy efficiency. At last, the QFPSK is combined with the 2D OFDM, yielding the image OFDM system. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of QFPSK in the proposed system with the time-varying wireless channel and frequency selective fading channel respectively.

### Acknowledgment

Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61501051, 61421001), and Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20121101130001).

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