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SCIENTIA SINICA Terrae
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SCIENTIA SINICA Terrae, Volume 47, Issue 11: 1329-1338(2017) https://doi.org/10.1360/N072017-00268

2017年M7.0级九寨沟地震同震库仑应力变化及其与2008年汶川地震的关系

单斌1,*, 郑勇1, 刘成利1, 谢祖军1, 孔军2
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  • ReceivedAug 15, 2017
  • AcceptedOct 13, 2017
  • PublishedOct 25, 2017
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Abstract

2017年8月8日, 四川九寨沟地区发生M7.0级强震, 造成了重大人员伤亡和财产损失. 判断余震可能的发生趋势、圈定震区周边未来可能的强震危险区, 对于指导灾民安置、灾后重建等具有重要的参考价值. 本文利用弹性位错理论和分层岩石圈模型, 计算了汶川地震和九寨沟地震引起的应力场变化, 讨论了九寨沟地震与汶川地震之间的关系、九寨沟地震对余震分布以及周边主要活动断层上应力积累的影响. 结果表明: (1) 汶川地震导致的同震及震后应力变化显著增强了九寨沟地震震源处的应力积累, 有效地促进了九寨沟地震的发生; (2) 九寨沟地震所导致的同震库仑应力场变化较好地解释了目前所记录到的余震的空间分布; (3) 东昆仑断裂玛曲-荷叶段、虎牙断裂北端受九寨沟地震影响, 应力积累状态提升, 地震危险性有所增强.


Funded by

国家自然科学基金项目(41674106,41541034))


Acknowledgment

感谢中国地震局监测预报处对本工作的大力支持. 感谢中国地震局地球物理研究所“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”和四川省地震局提供了近震地震波形资料, IRIS为本研究提供了波形数据. 在本文完成过程中, 主编、编委和审稿人提出建设性的修改意见, 特此感谢. 本文图件均用GMT软件绘制.


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    图1

    九寨沟地震及周边地区构造背景

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    图2

    九寨沟地震动态破裂过程反演结果

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    图3

    远震波形拟合情况

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    图4

    汶川地震导致的库仑应力变化

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    图5

    九寨沟地震同震静态库仑应力变化场与余震分布的关系

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    图6

    九寨沟地震同震静态库仑应力对周边主要活动断层的影响

  • 表 1   岩石圈分层结构模型及参数

    序号

    深度范围(km)

    P波波速(km s‒1)

    S波波速(km s‒1)

    密度(kg m‒3)

    粘滞系数(Pa s)

    1

    0~23.3

    6.1

    3.55

    2740

    ∞

    2

    23.3~44

    6.3

    3.65

    2780

    5×1017

    3

    44~53

    7.0

    3.99

    2950

    5×1017

    4

    >53

    8.05

    4.47

    3320

    1×1020

  • 表 2   汶川地震在九寨沟地震震中位置所导致的应力变化(MPa)
    深度(km) 时刻

    μ=0.0

    μ=0.2

    μ=0.4

    μ=0.6

    μ=0.8

    6

    同震

    0.018

    0.016

    0.015

    0.013

    0.011

    同震+震后

    0.052

    0.045

    0.038

    0.031

    0.024

    20

    同震

    0.017

    0.015

    0.014

    0.012

    0.011

    同震+震后

    0.047

    0.041

    0.035

    0.029

    0.023

  • 表 3   不同粘滞系数对九寨沟地震震中位置库仑应力变化(MPa)的影响

    ρ c

    ρm=1×1019

    ρm=1×1020

    1×1017

    0.059

    0.058

    5×1017

    0.042

    0.038

    1×1018

    0.037

    0.034

    1×1019

    0.024

    0.022

  • 表 4   相应所研究的主要断层及断层参数

    断层名称

    走向(°)

    倾角(°)

    滑动角(°)

    滑动速率(mm/yr)

    有效摩擦系数μ

    岷江

    180

    45~56

    45

    < 1

    0.6~0.8

    虎牙

    150

    75

    45

    1.4

    0.6~0.8

    玛曲-荷叶*

    100~145

    89

    0

    1.4~3.2

    0.6~0.8

    哈南-青山湾

    69

    70

    ‒45

    ‒

    0.1~0.8

    迭部-白龙江

    290

    68~85

    45

    ‒

    0.1~0.8

    龙日坝

    205~229

    60

    135

    5.1 ± 1.2

    0.4~0.6

    青川

    70

    75

    ‒170

    ‒

    0.6~0.8

    礼县-罗家堡

    65

    65

    45

    0.95

    0.6~0.8

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