Acknowledgment

感谢中国地震局监测预报处对本工作的大力支持. 感谢中国地震局地球物理研究所“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”和四川省地震局提供了近震地震波形资料, IRIS为本研究提供了波形数据. 在本文完成过程中, 主编、编委和审稿人提出建设性的修改意见, 特此感谢. 本文图件均用GMT软件绘制.

References

[1] 邓启东, 张培震, 冉勇康, 杨晓平, 闵伟, 楚全芝. 2002. 中国活动构造基本特征. 中国科学D辑: 地球科学, 32: 1020−1030. Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=邓启东, 张培震, 冉勇康, 杨晓平, 闵伟, 楚全芝. 2002. 中国活动构造基本特征. 中国科学D辑: 地球科学, 32: 1020−1030&

[2] 罗艳, 曾祥方, 倪四道. 2013. 震源深度测定方法研究进展. 地球物理学进展, 28: 2309−2321. Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=罗艳, 曾祥方, 倪四道. 2013. 震源深度测定方法研究进展. 地球物理学进展, 28: 2309−2321&

[3] 单斌, 熊熊, 郑勇, 刁法启. 2009. 2008年5月12日M_w7.9汶川地震导致的周边断层应力变化. 中国科学D辑: 地球科学, 39: 537−545. Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=单斌, 熊熊, 郑勇, 刁法启. 2009. 2008年5月12日M_w7.9汶川地震导致的周边断层应力变化. 中国科学D辑: 地球科学, 39: 537−545&

[4] 单斌, 熊熊, 郑勇, 金笔凯, 刘成利, 谢祖军, 许厚泽. 2013. 2013年芦山地震导致的周边断层应力变化及其与2008年汶川地震的关系. 中国科学: 地球科学, 43: 1002−1009. Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=单斌, 熊熊, 郑勇, 金笔凯, 刘成利, 谢祖军, 许厚泽. 2013. 2013年芦山地震导致的周边断层应力变化及其与2008年汶川地震的关系. 中国科学: 地球科学, 43: 1002−1009&

[5] 邵志刚, 傅容珊, 薛霆虓, 黄建华. 2008. 昆仑山Ms8.1级地震震后变形场数值模拟与成因机理探讨. 地球物理学报, 51: 805−816. Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=邵志刚, 傅容珊, 薛霆虓, 黄建华. 2008. 昆仑山Ms8.1级地震震后变形场数值模拟与成因机理探讨. 地球物理学报, 51: 805−816&

[6] 王卫民, 赵连锋, 李娟, 姚振兴. 2008. 四川汶川8.0级地震震源过程. 地球物理学报, 51: 1403−1410. Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=王卫民, 赵连锋, 李娟, 姚振兴. 2008. 四川汶川8.0级地震震源过程. 地球物理学报, 51: 1403−1410&

[7] 谢祖军, 郑勇, 姚华建, 房立华, 张勇, 刘成利, 王毛毛, 单斌, 张会平, 任俊杰, 季灵运, 宋美琴. 2017. 2017年M_s7.0级九寨沟地震震源性质及发震构造初步分析. 中国科学: 地球科学, doi: 10.1360/N072017-00279. Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=谢祖军, 郑勇, 姚华建, 房立华, 张勇, 刘成利, 王毛毛, 单斌, 张会平, 任俊杰, 季灵运, 宋美琴. 2017. 2017年M_s7.0级九寨沟地震震源性质及发震构造初步分析. 中国科学: 地球科学, doi: 10.1360/N072017-00279&

[8] 张培震, 邓启东, 张国民, 马瑾, 甘卫军, 闵伟, 毛凤英, 王琪. 2003. 中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块. 中国科学D辑: 地球科学, 33(增刊): 12−20. Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=张培震, 邓启东, 张国民, 马瑾, 甘卫军, 闵伟, 毛凤英, 王琪. 2003. 中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块. 中国科学D辑: 地球科学, 33(增刊): 12−20&

[9] Bai D, Unsworth M J, Meju M A, Ma X, Teng J, Kong X, Sun Y, Sun J, Wang L, Jiang C, Zhao C, Xiao P, Liu M. Crustal deformation of the eastern Tibetan plateau revealed by magnetotelluric imaging. Nat Geosci, 2010, 3: 358-362 CrossRef ADS Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Crustal deformation of the eastern Tibetan plateau revealed by magnetotelluric imaging&author=Bai D&author=Unsworth M J&author=Meju M A&author=Ma X&author=Teng J&author=Kong X&author=Sun Y&author=Sun J&author=Wang L&author=Jiang C&author=Zhao C&author=Xiao P&author=Liu M&publication_year=2010&journal=Nat Geosci&volume=3&pages=358-362

[10] Bassin C, Laske G, Masters G. 2000. The current limits of resolution for surface wave tomography in North America. EOS Trans AGU, 81: 897. Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Bassin C, Laske G, Masters G. 2000. The current limits of resolution for surface wave tomography in North America. EOS Trans AGU, 81: 897&

[11] Deng J, Sykes L R. Triggering of 1812 Santa Barbara Earthquake by a Great San Andreas Shock: Implications for future seismic hazards in southern California. Geophys Res Lett, 1996, 23: 1155-1158 CrossRef ADS Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Triggering of 1812 Santa Barbara Earthquake by a Great San Andreas Shock: Implications for future seismic hazards in southern California&author=Deng J&author=Sykes L R&publication_year=1996&journal=Geophys Res Lett&volume=23&pages=1155-1158

[12] Freed A M. Earthquake triggering by static, dynamic, and postseismic stress transfer. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci, 2005, 33: 335-367 CrossRef ADS Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Earthquake triggering by static, dynamic, and postseismic stress transfer&author=Freed A M&publication_year=2005&journal=Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci&volume=33&pages=335-367

[13] Harris R A, Simpson R W, Reasenberg P A. Influence of static stress changes on earthquake locations in southern California. Nature, 1995, 375: 221-224 CrossRef ADS Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Influence of static stress changes on earthquake locations in southern California&author=Harris R A&author=Simpson R W&author=Reasenberg P A&publication_year=1995&journal=Nature&volume=375&pages=221-224

[14] Harris R A, Simpson R W. Suppression of large earthquakes by stress shadows: A comparison of Coulomb and rate-and-state failure. J Geophys Res, 1998, 103: 24439-24451 CrossRef ADS Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Suppression of large earthquakes by stress shadows: A comparison of Coulomb and rate-and-state failure&author=Harris R A&author=Simpson R W&publication_year=1998&journal=J Geophys Res&volume=103&pages=24439-24451

[15] Heidbach O, Ben-Avraham Z. Stress evolution and seismic hazard of the Dead Sea Fault System. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 2007, 257: 299-312 CrossRef ADS Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Stress evolution and seismic hazard of the Dead Sea Fault System&author=Heidbach O&author=Ben-Avraham Z&publication_year=2007&journal=Earth Planet Sci Lett&volume=257&pages=299-312

[16] Ji C, Wald D J, Helmberger D V. 2002. Source description of the 1999 Hector Mine, California earthquake, Part I: Wavelet domain inversion theory and resolution analysis. Bull Seismol Soc Amer, 92: 1192−1207. Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Ji C, Wald D J, Helmberger D V. 2002. Source description of the 1999 Hector Mine, California earthquake, Part I: Wavelet domain inversion theory and resolution analysis. Bull Seismol Soc Amer, 92: 1192−1207&

[17] King G C P, Stein R S, Lin J. 1994. Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes. Bull Seismol Soc Amer, 84: 935−953. Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=King G C P, Stein R S, Lin J. 1994. Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes. Bull Seismol Soc Amer, 84: 935−953&

[18] Nalbant S S, Steacy S, Sieh K, Natawidjaja D, McCloskey J. Seismology: Earthquake risk on the Sunda trench. Nature, 2005, 435: 756-757 CrossRef PubMed ADS Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Seismology: Earthquake risk on the Sunda trench&author=Nalbant S S&author=Steacy S&author=Sieh K&author=Natawidjaja D&author=McCloskey J&publication_year=2005&journal=Nature&volume=435&pages=756-757

[19] Okada Y. 1992. Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bull Seismol Soc Amer, 82: 1018−1040. Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Okada Y. 1992. Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bull Seismol Soc Amer, 82: 1018−1040&

[20] Pollitz F, Vergnolle M, Calais E. 2003. Fault interaction and stress triggering of twentieth century earthquakes in Mongolia. J Geophys Res, 108: 2503. Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Pollitz F, Vergnolle M, Calais E. 2003. Fault interaction and stress triggering of twentieth century earthquakes in Mongolia. J Geophys Res, 108: 2503&

[21] Ren J, Xu X, Yeats R S, Zhang S. Millennial slip rates of the Tazang fault, the eastern termination of Kunlun fault: Implications for strain partitioning in eastern Tibet. Tectonophysics, 2013, 608: 1180-1200 CrossRef ADS Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Millennial slip rates of the Tazang fault, the eastern termination of Kunlun fault: Implications for strain partitioning in eastern Tibet&author=Ren J&author=Xu X&author=Yeats R S&author=Zhang S&publication_year=2013&journal=Tectonophysics&volume=608&pages=1180-1200

[22] Shan B, Xiong X, Wang R, Zheng Y, Yang S. Coulomb stress evolution along Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang Fault System since 1713 and its interaction with Wenchuan earthquake, May 12, 2008. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 2013, 377-378: 199-210 CrossRef ADS Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Coulomb stress evolution along Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang Fault System since 1713 and its interaction with Wenchuan earthquake, May 12, 2008&author=Shan B&author=Xiong X&author=Wang R&author=Zheng Y&author=Yang S&publication_year=2013&journal=Earth Planet Sci Lett&volume=377-378&pages=199-210

[23] Shen W, Ritzwoller M, Kang D, Kim Y, Lin F, Ning J, Wang W, Zhou L. 2016. A seismic reference model for the crust and uppermost mantle beneath China from surface wave dispersion. Geophys J Int, 206: 954−979. Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Shen W, Ritzwoller M, Kang D, Kim Y, Lin F, Ning J, Wang W, Zhou L. 2016. A seismic reference model for the crust and uppermost mantle beneath China from surface wave dispersion. Geophys J Int, 206: 954−979&

[24] Stein R S. Earthquake conversations. Sci Am, 2003, 288: 72-79 CrossRef ADS Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Earthquake conversations&author=Stein R S&publication_year=2003&journal=Sci Am&volume=288&pages=72-79

[25] Toda S, Stein R S, Reasenberg P A, Dieterich J H, Yoshida A. Stress transferred by the 1995 M_w = 6.9 Kobe, Japan, shock: Effect on aftershocks and future earthquake probabilities. J Geophys Res, 1998, 103: 24543-24565 CrossRef ADS Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Stress transferred by the 1995 M_w = 6.9 Kobe, Japan, shock: Effect on aftershocks and future earthquake probabilities&author=Toda S&author=Stein R S&author=Reasenberg P A&author=Dieterich J H&author=Yoshida A&publication_year=1998&journal=J Geophys Res&volume=103&pages=24543-24565

[26] Wang R. 1999. A simple orthonormalization method for the stable and efficient computation of Green’s functions. Bull Seismol Soc Amer, 89: 733−741. Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Wang R. 1999. A simple orthonormalization method for the stable and efficient computation of Green’s functions. Bull Seismol Soc Amer, 89: 733−741&

[27] Wang R, Lorenzo-Martín F, Roth F. PSGRN/PSCMP—A new code for calculating co- and post-seismic deformation, geoid and gravity changes based on the viscoelastic-gravitational dislocation theory. Comp Geosciences, 2006, 32: 527-541 CrossRef ADS Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=PSGRN/PSCMP—A new code for calculating co- and post-seismic deformation, geoid and gravity changes based on the viscoelastic-gravitational dislocation theory&author=Wang R&author=Lorenzo-Martín F&author=Roth F&publication_year=2006&journal=Comp Geosciences&volume=32&pages=527-541

[28] Xiong X, Shan B, Zheng Y, Wang R. Stress transfer and its implication for earthquake hazard on the Kunlun Fault, Tibet. Tectonophysics, 2010, 482: 216-225 CrossRef ADS Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Stress transfer and its implication for earthquake hazard on the Kunlun Fault, Tibet&author=Xiong X&author=Shan B&author=Zheng Y&author=Wang R&publication_year=2010&journal=Tectonophysics&volume=482&pages=216-225

[29] Zhang J. 2017. On fault evidence for a large earthquake in the late fifteenth century, Eastern Kunlun fault, China. J Seismol, 1−9. Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Zhang J. 2017. On fault evidence for a large earthquake in the late fifteenth century, Eastern Kunlun fault, China. J Seismol, 1−9&

[30] Zhao G, Unsworth M J, Zhan Y, Wang L, Chen X, Jones A G, Tang J, Xiao Q, Wang J, Cai J, Li T, Wang Y, Zhang J. Crustal structure and rheology of the Longmenshan and Wenchuan M_w 7.9 earthquake epicentral area from magnetotelluric data. Geology, 2012, 40: 1139-1142 CrossRef ADS Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Crustal structure and rheology of the Longmenshan and Wenchuan M_w 7.9 earthquake epicentral area from magnetotelluric data&author=Zhao G&author=Unsworth M J&author=Zhan Y&author=Wang L&author=Chen X&author=Jones A G&author=Tang J&author=Xiao Q&author=Wang J&author=Cai J&author=Li T&author=Wang Y&author=Zhang J&publication_year=2012&journal=Geology&volume=40&pages=1139-1142

[31] Zhao L S, Helmberger D V. 1994. Source estimation from broadband regional seismograms. Bull Seismol Soc Amer, 84: 91−104. Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Zhao L S, Helmberger D V. 1994. Source estimation from broadband regional seismograms. Bull Seismol Soc Amer, 84: 91−104&

[32] Zheng Y, Yang Y, Ritzwoller M H, Zheng X, Xiong X, Li Z. Crustal structure of the northeastern Tibetan plateau, the Ordos block and the Sichuan basin from ambient noise tomography. Earthq Sci, 2010, 23: 465-476 CrossRef ADS Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Crustal structure of the northeastern Tibetan plateau, the Ordos block and the Sichuan basin from ambient noise tomography&author=Zheng Y&author=Yang Y&author=Ritzwoller M H&author=Zheng X&author=Xiong X&author=Li Z&publication_year=2010&journal=Earthq Sci&volume=23&pages=465-476

[33] Zhu L P, Helmberger D V. 1996. Advancement in source estimation techniques using broadband regional seismograms. Bull Seismol Soc Amer, 86: 1634−1641. Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Zhu L P, Helmberger D V. 1996. Advancement in source estimation techniques using broadband regional seismograms. Bull Seismol Soc Amer, 86: 1634−1641&