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SCIENCE CHINA Technological Sciences
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SCIENCE CHINA Technological Sciences, Volume 63 , Issue 7 : 1314-1322(2020) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-019-1498-y

Topological prime

XuXu YANG 1,2, CanHui YANG 1,3, JunJie LIU 1,2, Xi YAO 1,4, ZhiGang SUO 1,*
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  • ReceivedNov 1, 2019
  • AcceptedDec 9, 2019
  • PublishedJan 14, 2020
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Abstract


Funded by

The work at Harvard was supported by NSF MRSEC(DMR-14-20570)


Acknowledgment

The work at Harvard was supported by National Science Foundation, Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (Grant No. DMR-14-20570). Yang X X and Liu J J are visiting students at Harvard University supported by the China Scholarship Council.


Supplement

Supporting Information

The supporting information is available online at tech.scichina.com and link.springer.com. The supporting materials are published as submitted, without typesetting or editing. The responsibility for scientific accuracy and content remains entirely with the authors.


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    Figure 1

    (Color online) Topoprime. (a) A substrate has a preformed entropic polymer network, but has no functional groups for chemical coupling; (b) during topoprime, the surface of the substrate is applied with a topoprimer precursor, which contains topoprimer polymers, crosslinkers, and coupling agents; (c) during cure, the crosslinkers link polymers into a topoprimer network, in topological entanglement with the substrate network. Meanwhile the coupling agents covalently incorporate active functional groups into the topoprimer network.

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    Figure 2

    (Color online) Topoprime a hydrophobic elastomer for a hydrophilic coating. (a) A cutout schematic of a substrate, topoprimer, undercoat, and topcoat. (b) The four layers connect through a stitch-bond-bond topology. The three loops represent the elastomer network, the topoprimer network, and the topcoat network, the curve represents undercoat polymers, and the two dots represent covalent bonds. (c) The chemistry of the PDMS topoprimer, PAAm undercoat, and PAAm topcoat.

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    Figure 3

    (Color online) A two-coat PDMS maintains hydrophilicity under stretch. (a) Deionized water is dripped on a sample with or without stretch. (b) Images showing the contact angles of deionized water on bare PDMS, one-coat PDMS, and two-coat PDMS, unstretched or at stretch of 2. Scale bars represent 200 µm. (c) Contact angle as a function of stretch for deionized water on various substrates. (d) A leaf-shaped sample, with the left hand side being the bare PDMS, and the right hand side being the two-coat PDMS. When water is sprayed, water beads up on the left hand side while wets homogeneously on the right hand side. Scale bars represent 1 cm.

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    Figure 4

    (Color online) Topoprime enables a hydrophobic elastomer with a hydrophilic coating resists delamination upon swell and scratch. (a) Cross-sectional view of a two-coat PDMS. At dried state, the coating is too thin to be observed (top image). At fully swollen state, the coating can be observed (bottom image). In both images, the undercoat is too thin and cannot be seen. Scale bars represent 100 μm. (b) The thickness of the topcoat swells as a function of time. (c) A hydrogel coated on a PDMS substrate with topoprimer can sustain the mechanical scratch of tweezers. (d) A hydrogel cast on a PDMS substrate without topoprimer is easily peeled off. Scale bars in (c) and (d) represent 1 mm.

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    Figure 5

    (Color online) Two-coat PDMS maintains lubricity and hydrophilicity after long-time slide. (a) Schematic of the experimental setup to test lubricity under water. The bottom surface of the sample is bonded on the loading stage. The load cell (stainless steel) contacts the top surface of the sample and rotates at an angular velocity of 1 rad s–1, and the torque is measured. (b) Friction coefficient as a function of cycle number. The two-coat PDMS exhibits a stable friction coefficient of ~0.03, lower than that of the bare PDMS and the one-coat PDMS by one order of magnitude. (c) Images showing the contact angles of deionized water on various substrates before and after 6000 cycles of slide. Scale bars represent 200 µm.