This work was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61631004).
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Figure 1
(Color online) A typical real-time wireless feedback control system with URLLC.
Figure 2
SHS Markov chain for $M/M/1/1$ $\rightarrow$ $M/M/1/2$ tandem queue.
Figure 3
SHS Markov chain for $M/M/1/1^*$ $\rightarrow$ $M/M/1/2^*$ tandem queue.
Figure 4
(Color online) Average EAoI for each system update $n$ in the control process with different tandem queuing models.
Figure 5
(Color online) Average EAoI for system update $n=5$ in different tandem queuing models with different update rate $\mu_1$ and $\mu_2$. (a) $M/M/1/1$ $\rightarrow$ $M/M/1/2$ tandem queuing model; (b) $M/M/1/1^*$ $\rightarrow$ $M/M/1/2^*$ tandem queuing model.
Figure 6
(Color online) Average throughput with different ratio $\mu_2/\mu_1$ for different queuing models.
Figure 7
(Color online) Average throughput for different tandem queuing models with different process rates $\mu_1$ and $\mu_2$. protect łinebreak (a) $M/M/1/1$ $\rightarrow$ $M/M/1/2$ tandem queuing model. (b) $M/M/1/1^*$ $\rightarrow$ $M/M/1/2^*$ tandem queuing model.
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