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SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica
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SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica, Volume 49 , Issue 6 : 844-860(2019) https://doi.org/10.1360/N032018-00266

Application of scanning ion conductance microscope in cell characterizations

Jinxin Lang 1,2, Yabei Li 1,2, Yaowei Yang 2,3, Yangbohan Jiao 4, Meng Wang 2,3, Jian Zhuang 4, Fei Li 2,3,*
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  • ReceivedDec 25, 2018
  • AcceptedJan 11, 2019
  • PublishedMar 12, 2019
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Abstract

Cell morphology, electrical and mechanical functions are of great significance in cell biology. However, traditional cell characterization methods are not suitable for study of living cells in a non-invasive, in situ and micro/nano-scaled way. As a new type of scanning probe microscopy, scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) enables non-invasive, high-resolution and real-time imaging of living cells based on its non-contact scanning mode and usage of nanopipette as its probe. In recent years, SICM has been widely applied in cell biology and cell characterizations. This review mainly introduces the SICM applications in cell characterizations. First, we introduce the instrumental composition, working principle and three work modes of SICM, and compare the strengths and weakness of the three working modes. Then the applications of SICM in cell morphology, cellular electrical and mechanical properties are described in detail. In addition, in contrast to the traditional cell characterization methods, SICM has the distinct advantages in in situ characterization of cells. Finally, the challenges of SICM in cell characterizations are discussed and its future development is proposed.


Funded by

国家自然科学基金(21775117)

2017年度陕西省留学人员科技活动择优优秀项目(2017010)

陕西省国际科技合作与交流计划项目(2016KW-064)

中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2016M592773)

西安交通大学基本科研业务费重点研发计划专项培育类项目


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    Figure 1

    Correlation among cell morphology, electric function, mechanical function and chemical function (color online).

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    Figure 2

    The development history of SICM and its typical applications in cell researches [16–27] (color online).

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    Figure 3

    Illustration of SICM working principle.

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    Figure 4

    Three working modes of SICM. (a) Non-modulated (DC) mode and (b) the DC approach curve. (c) Distance-modulated (AC) mode and (d) the AC approach curve. Idc represents the dc component of IMOD, and Iac represents the ac component of IMOD. (e) Hopping feedback mode. (f) Modified hopping feedback mode (Prescan and precisely rescan of interested area) (color online).

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    Figure 5

    (a) SICM and AFM images of a fixed fibroblast cell [37]. (b) SICM images of a murine melanocyte [17], an immature oligodendrocyte [38], live hippocampal neurons [19] and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes [39]. (c) SICM images of the inner and outer part of the porcine aorta [40] (color online).

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    Figure 6

    SICM images of the ultrastructure of different cell surfaces. (a) SICM mapping of the ciliary pocket from a NIH3T3 cell [57]. (b) SICM images of live hippocampal neurons with high resolution [19]. (c) Simultaneous fluorescence and topography imaging of interaction between single nanoparticle and structures in the cell membrane [60]. (d) SICM-SECM topographical and [Ru(NH3)6]3+ uptake mapping of Zea mays root hair cells [63] (color online).

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    Figure 7

    The applications of SICM in cell volume characterization. (a) Integral calculation of cell volume using SICM [35]. (b) Volume change measurement of hepatic cells by SICM [38]. (c) Time-lapse SICM images of neuron apoptosis [74]. (d) Effects of drug-induced changes in cell morphology by SICM [69] (color online).

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    Figure 8

    Characterization of electrical properties of cells by SICM. (a) The SICM image of a cardiomyocyte revealing topographic structures and functional ion channels [24]. (b) Electrochemical imaging and ion current measurements on an adipocyte by SECM-SICM [80]. (c) Surface charge mapping of living Zea mays root hairs by SICM [21] (color online).

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    Figure 9

    Characterization of mechanical properties of cells by SICM. (a) Schematic diagram of applying mechanical stimuli to cells using SICM [23]. (b) Pressure response of a living rat dorsal sensory neuron [23]. (c) Morphologic changes imaging in the induced growth of neuron growth cones by SICM [22].

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    Figure 10

    Combination of SICM with other techniques (color online).