Advances in the novel fabrication methods for thermoset composites

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图 1
自适应树脂热压辅助连接过程的界面力学模型^[25]. (a) 界面接触变形示意图, 即由树脂自身热力学特性决定的界面接触面积在热压下的演化, F为施加的外部压力, t₁, t₂和t₃分别为3个不同时刻; (b) 界面键交换反应示意图, 即当界面接触距离接近分子链热运动尺度(10⁻¹⁰ m)时, 分子链端部的热激活官能团通过键交换反应在界面附近形成化学共价键, 将界面连成一体
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图 2
自适应树脂热压辅助连接过程的界面化学反应动力学二维格栅结构模型^[25]. (a) 两块自适应树脂的热压辅助连接示意图; (b) 连接界面附近的代表性二维格栅结构模型
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图 3
自适应树脂热压辅助连接的有限元分析方法^[26]. (a) 内聚力模型; (b) 离散内聚力法示意图; (c) 受拉界面分离过程的有限元模拟结果; (d) 受拉界面分离过程的实验结果
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图 4
小分子介入的酯键交换反应过程^[27]
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图 5
自适应热固性树脂的无压力小分子介入连接^[27]. (a) 连接过程; (b) T型撕裂实验
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图 6
自适应热固性树脂的无压力连接和热压辅助连接性能对比^[27]
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图 7
回收前后自适应热固性树脂的动态力学性能比较^[27]. (a) 实验测得的不同温度下正则化应力松弛曲线; (b) 从实验中提取的松弛时间和连续温度变化下的理论松弛时间
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图 8
自适应热固性树脂循环3D打印^[28]. (a) 概念示意图; (b) 树脂循环打印过程
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图 9
自适应热固性树脂基复合材料的小分子介入表面损伤修复. (a) 修复过程示意图^[29]; (b) 修复实验过程^[29]; (c) 表面修复前后的光学显微图像^[27]
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图 10
自适应热固性树脂基复合材料近乎100%回收^[29]. (a) 回收过程示意图; (b) 回收实验结果
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图 11
回收前后的碳纤维电子显微镜图^[29]. (a) 原始碳纤维布; (b) 回收的碳纤维布
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图 12
工业热固性环氧复合材料纤维回收^[30,31]. (a) 复合材料机翼; (b) 碳纤维环氧基复合材料; (c) 回收后的多层碳纤维布; (d) 玻璃纤维环氧基复合材料; (e) 回收后的玻璃纤维布

表 1 热固性复合材料回收与制造新方法的比较

方法来源	原理	效果及特点							不足及待改进之处
		回收		制造				是否有毒
		纤维	树脂		修复	连接	3D打印	是否有毒
Taynton等人^[19]	转氨作用引起的亚胺-胺基交换反应, 使聚亚胺降解, 溶于过量二乙烯三胺反应前体	是	否		否	否	否	是	(1) 适用于特定聚亚胺树脂. (2) 合成聚亚胺的亚胺缩合反应不稳定、可直接水解, 吸水变形严重. (3) 过量反应前体导致自身降解, 反应不可控. (4) 二乙烯三胺溶剂毒性强. (5) 磁力搅拌会造成碳纤维结构完整性消失. (6) 溶剂与降解后的树脂无法分离, 不能回收树脂
Ruiz等人^[37]	基于双硫键交换反应的改性环氧树脂, 溶解于2-巯基丙酸/二甲基甲酰胺混合溶剂	是	否		否	否	否	是	(1) 适用于特定改性环氧树脂. (2) 2-巯基丙酸溶剂有毒和酸性, 对碳纤维有损害. (3) 磁力搅拌会造成碳纤维结构完整性散失. (4) 溶剂与降解后的树脂无法分离, 无法回收树脂
Shi等人^[27,29]	小分子介入的键交换反应, 使环氧树脂溶解于醇类溶剂	是	是		是	是	是	否	需要考虑工业化成本

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Advances in the novel fabrication methods for thermoset composites

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