热河生物群是一个极其重要的早白垩世陆相生物群, 其核心分布区位于辽宁西部、河北北部和内蒙古东南部. 这一生物群的研究历史超过150年, 但直到20世纪90年代初期开始, 一系列重要化石才被发现, 包括带羽毛恐龙、早期鸟类、早期哺乳动物、访花昆虫以及早期被子植物等. 这些发现对于了解现代地球生态系统中主要生物类群的起源(如鸟类和被子植物)和早期演化(如哺乳动物、访花和外寄生昆虫), 了解现代陆地生态系统的孕育和产生等都具有极其重要的价值. 文章对热河生物群的发现、研究历史和研究现状进行回顾, 并对未来研究进行展望.
国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目(41688103)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项B类项目(XDB18000000)
感谢孙革的宝贵修改意见, 感谢孙革、黄迪颖的有益讨论和提供相关文献, 感谢孙革、任东、黄迪颖、姬书安、罗哲西、张江永、刘俊和汪筱林提供部分插图, 特别感谢克拉通破坏和陆地生物演化课题组成员的大量讨论和帮助.
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图 1
狭义热河生物群的地理和地层分布图
图 2
早期研究鉴定的热河生物群三种代表性分子
图 3
热河生物群新发现的标志性分子
图 4
热河生物群代表性特异埋藏化石
图 5
热河生物群的植物化石
图 6
热河生物群的无脊椎动物化石
图 7
热河生物群的脊椎动物化石
图 8
简化的脊椎动物演化图和热河生物群代表性物种
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